HI. Truck Limits

TKPH Limits

Bridgestone Limit (tkph)

Michelin Limit (tkph)

Haul Infinity automatically adds TKPH delays to cycle times to keep tyres below the TKPH limit.

• TKPH limits can be found in the tyre manufacturer’s handbook.

• Michelin provides a temperature coefficient for calculating TKPH at different temperatures. This coefficient can sometimes be negative if the average haul speed is below 5 kilometers per hour. Essentially this means that there are no TKPH delays.

• Haul Infinity calculates TKPH for every possible source and destination and then matches that with the limit set in this setup task. If the vehicle's calculated TKPH is greater than the TKPH limit for a haul in that period, then it will introduce delays (or it will slow down the truck to match the TKPH limit).

Power Source

Power Source Type

The type of power source, Fuel or Battery can be selected here in the dropdown box, and determines which calculations are done.

The default None option is also available to prevent either set of calculations.

Battery Capacity (kWh)

The Battery Capacity is also set here, this is ignored if using either Fuel or None power sources. The special value of 0 is handled as though you have an infinite capacity battery, so there is never a need to recharge but power usage and generation are still calculated.

Battery Recharge

When using the power source of Battery, the time to recharge this battery will be taken into account and that is specified here.

Battery Recharge Type

Electric trucks can specify their recharge time in different ways. Select the calculation method from this combo box and specify the appropriate value in the field below.

They are the recharge time components of the cycle time.

Time - specify the time (in minutes) required to completely charge a battery from discharged to 100% capacity.

EnergyRate - how many kW you can charge in hour, so with a 2000kw battery and a 4000kw recharge rate, it'll be charged in 30 minutes. If Battery Recharge Type is set to “Energy Rate”, the Battery Recharge Energy Rate must be greater than zero.

CRate - is a number that says how fast you can charge/discharge the battery in one hour. So, with C Rate = 2, you can charge the truck 2 times in 1 hour > recharge time = 30 minutes. If Battery Recharge Type is set to “C Rate”, the Battery Recharge C Rate must be greater than zero.

Recharge per Cycle Rounding

When calculating the number of cycles per recharge, Haul Infinity can operate in rounded or unrounded mode. This affects a few calculations and you will generally use each for different scenarios.

Rounded - When calculating a haul route, the software will round down the number of cycles to ensure there will be sufficient battery charge remaining to return to a charger and recharge. Over thousands of hauls this ‘slack’ charge can accumulate and cause a significant impact to scheduled power requirements.
You should select Rounded when you’re using Haul Infinity to determine the feasibility of individual routes, or integrating with APS for short term schedules.

Unrounded - When calculating a haul route, the number of cycles will represent the absolute number of cycles a truck can do until it completely runs out of power.
You should use Unrounded when integrating with ATS for medium to long term schedules to ensure more efficient use of trucks.

Battery Recharge Time (min)

The amount of time in minutes it takes to completely recharge a battery from discharged to 100% capacity.

Battery Recharge Energy Rate (kW)

The maximum rate at which a battery can be charged, specified in kW.

Battery Recharge C Rate (1/hour)

The maximum rate at which a battery can be charged, specified as a C Rate.

Battery Loads

When Queuing (kW)

Optionally update battery loads for more accurate battery usage predictions.

When using Battery power source, this calculates predicted battery usage during certain idle tasks based on a constant power rate.

• It’s important to note that negative values can be provided here to indicate that the battery is actually being charged at a constant rate during these idle task (i.e. when on the trolley or waiting for tyres to cool).

When Spotting at Loader (kW)

When Loading (kW)

When Spotting at Dump (kW)

When Dumping (kW)

When Delaying for TKPH (kW)

When Travelling to Recharge (kW)

When Recharging (kW)

These represent parasitic loads which constantly deplete energy from the battery. This is generally to capture power used for lighting, air-conditioning, etc.

When a truck is attached to the trolley, the “When Recharging” value will be used.

When Propelling (kW)

When Retarding (kW)

Trolley Assist

Trolley Energy (kW)

The amount of power provided by the trolley system for a truck to use. This should be relative to the truck’s power system (not the grid). Haul Infinity always operates on the assumption that only one truck is connected to the trolley at a time.

Trolley to Wheel Motor Efficiency

The operating efficiency converting trolley power to wheel motor power, specified as a percentage.

Trolley to Battery Efficiency

The operating efficiency converting the remaining trolley power (not used by the wheel motor) into charge for the battery system.

Trolley Availability

The overall availability of the trolley system specified as a percentage. This is intended to model downtime and maintenance of the trolley when determining power requirements for a schedule.

For example, if the trolley availability is set to 90%, the trolley segments will provide 90% of the power to the truck and 10% will be provided by the battery.

Fuel Engine Loads

Optionally update engine loads for more accurate fuel burn predictions.

When using the Fuel power source, this calculates predicted fuel burn during certain idle tasks based these engine loads.

Cornering Speed Limits

Cornering speeds are used to slow down trucks at intersections and switchbacks. Corners are measured by the angle of deflection and the lookahead distance.

Haul Infinity automatically assigns speed limits to corners based on the inputs in this table.

For angles greater than ninety degrees, consider dropping the speed limit to 10 km/hr.

Open

Speed Limits

These are the default speed limits that apply on all unsigned roads.

A truck is never allowed to exceed its loaded or unloaded speed limits. The speed limits are for each increment of gradient between -15.5% downhill and +15.5% uphill.

Loaded Speed Limits

Haul Infinity automatically assigns speed limits to loaded trucks based on the inputs in this table.

For grades steeper than -9.5%, consider dropping the speed limit to 20 km/hr (or second gear equivalent).

For grades steeper than +9.5%, consider dropping the speed limit to 10 km/hr (or first gear equivalent).

Unloaded Speed Limits

Haul Infinity automatically assigns speed limits to unloaded trucks based on the inputs in this table.

For grades steeper than -9.5%, consider dropping the speed limit to 40 km/hr (or fourth gear equivalent).